The vaccine has been developed by Koets and colleagues (2001) at Utrecht University. It is a subunit vaccine using recombinant heat shock protein 70 from Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. It works by increasing the antibody levels in the vaccinated animal to combat infection (Santema, 2011).
This vaccine has been shown to reduce fecal shedding of the disease and increase the lifespan of the sick cow (Santema et al., 2013). This reduces transmission of the disease. It also increases productivity as the cow lives longer and is not experiencing decreased milk production. This means more milk production per cow in its lifetime, which is economically desired. It reduces clinical symptoms such as diarrhea, which will increase animal welfare as the animal is not suffering from symptoms. It could also reduce the potential to contaminate milk with the bacteria, thought to be a cause of Crohn’s disease (Chamberlin et al., 2001).
The manufacture of this vaccine is not produced commercially yet. It is produced by creating recombinant hsp70 proteins as discussed in a study done by A. P. Koets et al. (2001). This process is too complex to go into detail here, but the protein needed could be obtained by a biological supplier such as StressMarq Biosciences Inc.
This vaccine has been shown to reduce fecal shedding of the disease and increase the lifespan of the sick cow (Santema et al., 2013). This reduces transmission of the disease. It also increases productivity as the cow lives longer and is not experiencing decreased milk production. This means more milk production per cow in its lifetime, which is economically desired. It reduces clinical symptoms such as diarrhea, which will increase animal welfare as the animal is not suffering from symptoms. It could also reduce the potential to contaminate milk with the bacteria, thought to be a cause of Crohn’s disease (Chamberlin et al., 2001).
The manufacture of this vaccine is not produced commercially yet. It is produced by creating recombinant hsp70 proteins as discussed in a study done by A. P. Koets et al. (2001). This process is too complex to go into detail here, but the protein needed could be obtained by a biological supplier such as StressMarq Biosciences Inc.
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Chamberlin W, Graham DY, Hulten K, El-Zimaity HM, Schwartz MR, Naser S, Shafran I, El-Zaatari FA. 2001. Review article:
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis as one cause of Crohn’s disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 15:337–346.
Koets, A. P., Rutten, V. P. M. G., De Boer, M., Bakker, D., Valentin-Weigand, P., & Van Eden, W. (2001). Differential changes
in heat shock protein-, lipoarabinomannan-, and purified protein derivative-specific immunoglobulin G1 and G2
isotype responses during bovine Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection. Infection and Immunity,
69(3), 1492–1498. https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.69.3.1492-1498.2001
Santema, W., Rutten, V., Segers, R., Poot, J., Hensen, S., Heesterbeek, H., & Koetsa, A. (2013). Postexposure subunit
vaccination against chronic enteric mycobacterial infection in a natural host. Infection and Immunity, 81(6), 1990–1995.
https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.01121-12
Santema, W. (2011). Hsp70 as a candidate subunit vaccine for paratuberculosis.
Chamberlin W, Graham DY, Hulten K, El-Zimaity HM, Schwartz MR, Naser S, Shafran I, El-Zaatari FA. 2001. Review article:
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis as one cause of Crohn’s disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 15:337–346.
Koets, A. P., Rutten, V. P. M. G., De Boer, M., Bakker, D., Valentin-Weigand, P., & Van Eden, W. (2001). Differential changes
in heat shock protein-, lipoarabinomannan-, and purified protein derivative-specific immunoglobulin G1 and G2
isotype responses during bovine Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection. Infection and Immunity,
69(3), 1492–1498. https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.69.3.1492-1498.2001
Santema, W., Rutten, V., Segers, R., Poot, J., Hensen, S., Heesterbeek, H., & Koetsa, A. (2013). Postexposure subunit
vaccination against chronic enteric mycobacterial infection in a natural host. Infection and Immunity, 81(6), 1990–1995.
https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.01121-12
Santema, W. (2011). Hsp70 as a candidate subunit vaccine for paratuberculosis.